Glossary
Acech Government - A semi-autonomous region and former sultanate of north-west Sumatra, Indonesia (Acech, 2018)
Aesthetic Value - Value of a property based on its appearance (What is, 2017)
Biodiversity- “The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.” (Biodiversity, 2015)
Biotic Potential- “The ability of a population of living species to increase under ideal environmental conditions” (Corwin, 2015)
Bequest Value- The satisfaction that comes from preserving a site for future generation (Non-Use Values: Bequest and Existence, 2017)
Carbon Sequestration - The removal and storage of carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks (such as oceans, forests or soils) through physical or biological processes, such as photosynthesis. (Glossary, 2017)
CITES - CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. (What is CITIES, 2017)
Conservation - The proper use of nature (Conservation vs. preservation, 2018)
Critically Endangered- This is determined using a set of extensive guidelines, please go to http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1#critical to learn more
Degradation - The process of something becoming worse or weaker, or being made worse or weaker (Definition of Degradation, 2018)
Ecological services - Natural services or natural capital that support life on the earth and are essential to the quality of human life and the functioning of the world’s economies. Examples are the chemical cycles, natural pest control, and natural purification of air and water (Spoolman, n.d.)
Eco-Tourism - The business of providing vacations and related services that are not harmful to the environment of the area (Definition of Ecotourism, 2018)
Ecologically Extinct - The point at which there aren’t enough individuals left in that species to perform whatever roles it was playing in the ecosystem (Yoshida, 2013)
Ecosystems- All the plants, animals, and people living in an area considered together with their environment as a system of relationships (Cambridge Dictionary, 2017)
Ecosystem Diversity - The variety of ecosystems worldwide (Miller et. al, 2018)
Exploitation - The act of using someone unfairly for your own advantage (Miller et. al, 2018)
Functionally Extinct - The point at which there aren’t enough individuals left in that species to perform whatever roles it was playing in the ecosystem (Yoshida, 2013)
Functional Diversity - Functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities (Miller et. al, 2018)
Frugivores - An animal whose diet is based on the consumption of fruit (Orangutan Diet, 2017)
Gene Pool - Sum total of all genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species (Miller et. al, 2018)
Genetic Diversity - Genetic variability among individuals within each species (Miller et. al, 2018)
Global Warming -Warming of the earth’s lower atmosphere (troposphere) because of increases in the concentration of one or more greenhouse gases. It can result in climate change that can last for decades to thousands of years” (Spoolman, n.d.)
Habitat - The natural surroundings in which an animal or plant usually lives (Definition, 2008)
Habitat Fragmentation - Breakup of a habitat into smaller pieces, usually as a result of human activities (Miller et. al, 2018)
Intrinsic Value - The value a species possess that does not relate to how it can be used by humans (Non-use values, 2008)
Keystone Species- An organism that is critical in defining an entire ecosystem (Keystone Species, 2017)
Leuser Ecosystem - At 6.5 million acres, the Leuser Ecosystem is a world unto itself—a rich and verdant expanse of intact tropical lowland rainforests, cloud-draped mountains and steamy peatlands. It is among the most biodiverse and ancient ecosystems ever documented by science, and it is the last place where Sumatran orangutans, elephants, tigers, rhinos and sun bears still roam side by side (Leuser Ecosystem, 2018)
Nutrient - Any substance that plants or animals need in order to live and grow (Definition of ‘Nutrient’, 2017)
Nutrient cycling - The circulation of chemicals necessary for life, from the environment (mostly from soil and water) through organisms and back to the environment” (Spoolman, n.d.)
Niche - Total way of life or role of a species in an ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and biological conditions that a species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystem (Miller et. al, 2018)
Overexploitation: “The action or fact of making excessive use of a resource” (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Population- A group of interbreeding organisms of the same species that live in one place (Defining a Species, 2012)
Resilience - Ability of a living system to be restored through secondary succession after a moderate disturbance (Miller et. al, 2018)
Species- A group of similar individuals capable of interbreeding (Defining a Species, 2012)
Tipping point - Threshold level at which an environmental problem causes a fundamental and irreversible shift in the behavior of a system (Miller et. al, 2018)
Preservation - The protection of nature from use (Conservation vs. preservation, 2018)
Poachers - Someone who catches and kills animals illegally (Cambridge University Press, 2018)
Population - Group of individual organisms of the same species living in a particular area (Miller et. al, 2018)
Glossary Sources
Aceh. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Aceh
Biodiversity. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity
Cambridge Dictionary. (2017). Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/ecosystem
Cambridge University Press. (2018). Definition of "poacher" - English Dictionary. Retrieved January 21, 2018, from https://dictionary
.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/poacher
Conservation vs. Preservation and the National Park Service. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/klgo/learn/education/
classrooms/conservation-vs-preservation.htm
Corwin, S. (2015). What is Biotic Potential? Retrieved from https://populationeducation.org/content/what-biotic-potential
Definition of 'ecotourism'. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/ecotourism
Definition of "nutrient" - English Dictionary. (2018). Retrieved from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/nutrient
Defining a Species. (2012). Retrieved from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_41
Glossary. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/carbon-sequestration.htm
Keystone Species. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/keystone-species/
The Last Place on Earth - Leuser Ecosystem. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.ran.org/lastplaceonearth
Miller, G. T., & Spoolman, S. (2018). Living in the environment. Boston, MA: Cengage
Learning.
Non Use Values: Bequest and Existence. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.marbef.org/wiki/Non-use_value:_bequest_value_and_
Orangutan Diet. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.orangutan.org.uk/about-orangutans/diet
Oxford University Press. (2018). Siphon | Definition of siphon in English by Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved January 21, 2018, from
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/siphon
Species. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/species?s=t
Spoolman, S. E. (n.d.). Glossary. In G. T. Miller (Author), AP Edition of Living in The Environment (18th ed., pp. G1-G12). Cengage
Learning: http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ngsp/livingintheenvironment/index.php#/2
What is Aesthetic Value? definition and meaning. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.investorwords.com/12847/aesthetic_value.html
What is CITES? (2017). Retrieved from https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php
Yoshida, K. S. (2013, July 12). Not yet gone, but effectively extinct. Retrieved from https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/07/not-yet